電鍍及油漆廢水處理工程規(guī)劃書
3.1.1 電化學(xué)處理機(jī)制
3.1.1. Electrochemistry processing mechanism
1.陽(yáng)極氧化反應(yīng)
1. Anodic oxidation reaction
⑴金屬極隔板氧化成金屬離子：電化學(xué)機(jī)機(jī)體內(nèi)常用的極板和隔板為鐵質(zhì)板，在通電時(shí)陽(yáng)極產(chǎn)生電解作用，將鐵電解成為鐵離子，而這些不同型態(tài)的鐵離子恰好是去除分離污染物質(zhì)所不可或缺的混凝劑，透過離子表面的電性而破壞污染物質(zhì)的穩(wěn)定進(jìn)一步加以分離。
(1).The baffle of metal carbonyl electrode is oxidized to metal ions；the polar plate and baffle inside the electrochemistry unit are iron plate, the electrolysis action may be occurred when the current is switched on the positive pole, and electrolyzed iron into the iron ion. And different form of iron ion is the indispensable coagulant to get rid of and separate polluter, which destroy stability of polluter through the electric property of iron ion surface and implement the further separating process.
⑵水分子電解形成微細(xì)氧氣氣泡：廢污水在電解時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生極細(xì)氣泡，在陽(yáng)極表面產(chǎn)生的為氧氣氣泡，這些氣泡會(huì)與污染物質(zhì)顆粒結(jié)合，使污染物上浮速度增快。
(2).The water moisture electrolysis may form micro-fine bubble of oxygen: It will produce the superfine bubble when being electrolysis the effluent sewage, and produced the oxygen bubble on the surface of positive pole. These bubbles will be combined with polluter and particle, and the speed for pollutant to floating upward will be increased quickly.
⑶初生態(tài)氧對(duì)污染物質(zhì)及色度物質(zhì)氧化：在陽(yáng)極板電解過程中，于陽(yáng)極鐵板表面會(huì)產(chǎn)生不斷的電解氧化作用，其中在過程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種高氧化能力的初生態(tài)氧原子，對(duì)污染物的氧化破壞或是色度物質(zhì)的氧化脫色能力十分有效。
(3).The oxidation of nascent oxygen to the polluter and color material: during the process of positive plate electrolysis, it will produce the constant electrolysis oxidation on the iron plate surface of positive pole. During this process it will produce one nascent oxygen atom with high electrolysis ability, which has a very effective ability to destroy or discolor the color material of pollutant.
2.陰極還原反應(yīng)
2. The reduction reaction of negative pole
⑴水分子分解成微細(xì)氫氣氣泡及OH-：水在陰極會(huì)電解產(chǎn)生微細(xì)氫氣氣泡同樣會(huì)與污染物質(zhì)結(jié)合，使污染物上浮速度增快。另外在陰極所產(chǎn)生的氫氧根則是重金屬去除時(shí)所不可或缺的離子，可將重金屬污染物改變?yōu)槿芙庑暂^差的狀態(tài)，以利于自廢水中分離。
(1). The water moisture resolve into micro-fine bubble of hydrogen and OH-: Water will electrolyze and produce micro-fine bubble of hydrogen and combine with the polluter as well in the negative pole, and increase the speed of pollutant to floating upward. In addition the hydroxide radical produced in the negative pole is the indispensable ion in case of removing the heavy metal ion. It can change the heavy metal pollutant into dissolving worse state in order to benefit to separate it from the waste water.
⑵金屬離子還原反應(yīng)：廢水中的金屬離子在電化學(xué)反應(yīng)時(shí)，部分會(huì)在陰極產(chǎn)生還原反應(yīng)，而與鐵質(zhì)結(jié)合進(jìn)而自水中分離。
(2).The metal ion reduction reaction: Some metal ion of the waste water will produce reduction reaction in negative pole in the electric chemical reaction and combine with the iron and then separate from the water.
3.混凝作用
3. Coagulation effect
⑴金屬離子形成氫氧化合物：在陰極所產(chǎn)生的氫氧根與電解分離的鐵形成數(shù)種氫氧化合物型態(tài)，產(chǎn)生具混凝效果的混凝物質(zhì)。
(1).The hydrated oxide formed by metal ion: The hydroxide radical produced in the negative pole may form into several kinds of hydrated oxide with electrolyzed iron ion, and produced the coagulation t materials with congealing result.
⑵氫氧化合物與污染物質(zhì)形成膠羽：這些不同的氫氧化合物會(huì)與污染物質(zhì)快速結(jié)合產(chǎn)生許多微細(xì)顆粒。
(2).Hydrated oxide may combine with polluter and form floc: It produces a lot of micro-fine particles by the quick combination of these different hydrated oxides and the polluters.
⑶膠羽碰撞結(jié)合形成棉絮狀污泥：由于顆粒間的碰撞凝聚，加上微細(xì)氣泡結(jié)合，使產(chǎn)生的膠體呈現(xiàn)棉絮狀，膠羽比重較小適合浮除分離。
(3).The floc may collide and form the mud of cotton fiber: Due to the collision and condensation among the particles, and with the combination of micro-fine bubble, the floc showed a structure of cotton fiber. The proposition of floc smaller that is suitable for floating separation.
4.浮除反應(yīng)
4. Floating removal reaction
⑴微細(xì)氣泡與污泥結(jié)合浮除至水面：氣泡與污染物結(jié)合形成比重較小的棉絮狀膠體，可上浮至水面利于撇除分離。
(1).The micro-fine bubble combines with the mud and floating to the surface of water: Bubbles are combined with pollutant and formed cotton fiber colloid with small proportion, which may floating upward to the surface of water for removal.
⑵污泥上浮速度快縮短停留時(shí)間：由于上浮速度較快可在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成分離。
(2). Quick floating speed so as to shorten the floating period of mud: Because the floating is fast that it is applicable to complete the separating process in a short period.
⑶污泥含水率可調(diào)整：在進(jìn)行污染物分離的浮除槽中，可調(diào)整水面高低以控制撇除污泥的含水率。
(3).The mud moisture content is adjustable: In the floating removal groove of pollutant, it is applicable to adjust the level of water is by controlling the moisture content of the mud.
3.1.2 電化學(xué)廢水處理基本流程
3.1.2. Basic procedure of electrochemical waste water treatment
廢水→前處理機(jī)→電化學(xué)機(jī)→后處理機(jī)→浮除機(jī)→處理水
Waste water →The previous processing unit →Electrochemical machine →The later processing unit →Floating removal unit → water after treatment
1.前處理機(jī)：用以調(diào)整水質(zhì)，主要為pH值，使廢水易于產(chǎn)生電化學(xué)反應(yīng)。
1. The previous processing unit: Used to adjust water quality, mainly the pH value, make the waste water apt to produce the electric chemical reaction.
2.電化學(xué)機(jī)：廢水產(chǎn)生電化學(xué)反應(yīng)的場(chǎng)所，必須通入直流電源。
2. Electrochemical machine: The place for producing electric chemical reaction, it is required to apply the direct current power supply.
3.后處理機(jī)：為使電化學(xué)反應(yīng)后的污染物加速分離，在后處理機(jī)中加入少量混凝劑與絮凝劑，以加大污染顆粒的體積，利于分離。
3. The later processing unit: For accelerating separating speed of the pollutant after electrical chemical reaction, add a small amount of coagulant and the flocculant in the later processing unit, in order to strengthen the volume of the pollution particle so as to benefit for separating.
4.浮除機(jī)：使污染物與處理水進(jìn)行分離的場(chǎng)所，污泥較輕往上漂浮，使用刮泥機(jī)將泥撇除，而澄清水則由下部通過導(dǎo)管流出，完成分離。
4.The Floating removal unit: Place for separating pollutant and water for treatment; the lighter mud may float upward, and the mud shaving machine shall separate the mud, and the clean water may flow out through the pipe of under-part, and finish separating process.
3.1.3 電化學(xué)廢水處理優(yōu)點(diǎn)
3.1.3 The advantage of electrochemical waste water treatment
1.停留時(shí)間短，約30分鐘內(nèi)可處理完成。占地面積小，約為傳統(tǒng)化學(xué)混凝法的1/6～1/5。
1. Short dwell time, it is capable to finish the process within 30 minutes; small floor area, it is about 1/6- 1/5 of coagulating process of traditional chemistry.
2.污泥產(chǎn)量少，僅約傳統(tǒng)化學(xué)混凝之2/3，操作成本低。
2. Small output of mud, only 2/3 of coagulating process of traditional chemistry, and low costs to operate.
3.可移動(dòng)性高，當(dāng)廠房拆遷或制程改變時(shí)仍可適用。
3. The high moving performance, it is still applicable at the time of removal of the factory building or change of processing procedure.
4.系統(tǒng)密閉，不會(huì)產(chǎn)生毒臭性氣體逸散。
4. The airtight system, it will not produce the dissipation of poison smell gas.
5.土建工程少，施工容易，安裝迅速
5. Small number of construction project of building, easy construction, and quick installation.
6.停機(jī)后恢復(fù)迅速，不影響車間制程廢水排放。
6. Rapidly resuming performance after shot down, do not influence the waste water discharging of workshop procedure.
7.可批次或連續(xù)操作，并可進(jìn)行全自動(dòng)操作，以節(jié)省人力。
7. It is capable to operation in batch or continuous process, and can operate full-automatically, in order to save manpower.
8.對(duì)油脂、色度、重金屬及SS等物質(zhì)去除效果特佳。
8. It has a special good performance to get rid of the materials as oil, color, heavy metal and SS, etc.
9.適合多種水質(zhì)處理，適用行業(yè)如：染整業(yè)、發(fā)電業(yè)、金屬表面處理業(yè)、造紙業(yè)、電鍍業(yè)、電子業(yè)、印刷電路板業(yè)、食品業(yè)、化工業(yè)、制革業(yè)、汽車修理業(yè)、垃圾場(chǎng)滲出水• • • •等。
9.Suitable for many kinds of water treatment, the application trade as: dyeing-finishing industry, power generating industry, metal surface processing industry, papermaking industry, electroplating industry, electron industry, printed circuit board industry, food industry, chemical industry, leather manufacturing industry, automobile repairing industry, and diffusion of dumping place, etc.
10.可以并聯(lián)或串聯(lián)方式搭配既有設(shè)施，節(jié)省經(jīng)費(fèi)。
10. It is capable to connect in parallel or in series to match present facilities, and save the cost.
3.2 MBR法簡(jiǎn)介
3.2 Brief introduction of MBR method
膜生物反應(yīng)器（MBR）技術(shù)是膜分離技術(shù)與生物技術(shù)有機(jī)結(jié)合的新型廢水處理技術(shù)，它利用膜分離設(shè)備將生化反應(yīng)池中的活性污泥和大分子有機(jī)物截留住，省除二沉池。膜-生物反應(yīng)器工藝通過膜的分離技術(shù)強(qiáng)化了生物反應(yīng)器的功能，使活性污泥濃度大幅提高，其水力停留時(shí)間（HRT）和污泥停留時(shí)間（SRT）可以分別控制。
The technology of the membrane bioreactor (MBR ) is the new-type waste water treatment technology that combine the membrane separating technology and organized biotechnology technologh together. It utilizes membrane separating equipment to cut and keep active mud and macromolecule organic material that in the biochemistry reaction tank, and save the secondary sedimentation tank. Membrane- t bioreactor reaction unit has strengthened the function of the bioreactor through the separation technology of the membrane, which improve the density of active mud by a wide margin, and capable to controll the hydraulic retention time (HRT ) and the slude retention time (SRT ) respectively.
膜生物反應(yīng)器的優(yōu)越性主要表現(xiàn)在：
The superiority of the membrane bioreactor shows mainly:
1.對(duì)污染物的去除率高，抗污泥膨脹能力強(qiáng)，出水水質(zhì)穩(wěn)定可靠，出水中沒有懸浮物；
1.High rate of pollutant removing, strong capability ot resist mud to expand, steady and reliable quality of surface water, and there are no suspended substance in processed water;
2.膜生物反應(yīng)器實(shí)現(xiàn)了反應(yīng)器污泥齡STR和水力停留時(shí)間HRT的分別控制，因而其設(shè)計(jì)和操作得到簡(jiǎn)化；
2.The membrane bioreactor has realized that separating controling of the sludge reactor STR and hydraulic retention time HRT, therefore it is simplified the designed and operated;
3.膜的機(jī)械截留作用避免了微生物的流失，生物反應(yīng)器內(nèi)可保持高的污泥濃度，從而能提高體積負(fù)荷，降低污泥負(fù)荷，具有極強(qiáng)的抗沖擊能力；
3.The machanical retentaion performance of the membrane avoids the losses of microorganism. Itcan keep the high density of mud in the bioreactor, so as to improve volume of load, reduce mud load, and have extremely strong resisting and assaulting capability;
4.由于SRT很長(zhǎng)，生物反應(yīng)器又起到了“污泥硝化池”的作用，從而顯著減少污泥產(chǎn)量，剩余污泥產(chǎn)量低，污泥處理費(fèi)用低；
4.Because SRT is very long, the bioreactor plays a role of “the mud nitrified tank” again, thus significantly reduce mud output, and lower the output of surplus mud, and reduce the expense of mud processing;
5.由于膜的截流作用使SRT延長(zhǎng)，營(yíng)造了有利于增殖緩慢的微生物。如硝化細(xì)菌生長(zhǎng)的環(huán)境，可以提高系統(tǒng)的硝化能力，同時(shí)有利于提高難降解大分子有機(jī)物的處理效率和促使其徹底的分解；
5.Because the retention function of the membrane makes SRT lengthen, and it has built the microorganism which reproduces slowly such as the environment for the growth of nitrifying bacterium, which may improve the nitrifying ability of system. At the same time, it help to improve the macromolecule organic materil which is difficult for treatment and impel the thorough decomposition;
6.較大的水力循環(huán)導(dǎo)致了污水的均勻混合，因而使活性污泥有很好的分散性，提高活性污泥的比表面積。MBR系統(tǒng)中活性污泥的高度分散是提高水處理的效果的又一個(gè)原因。這是普通生化法處理技術(shù)形成較大的菌膠團(tuán)所難以相比的；
6.Greater water conservancy circulation has caused the evenly mixing of the sewage, therefore, it makes the active mud have fine dispersiveness performance, raise the surface area of active mud. The height scattering of the active mud is another reason for improving the result of water treatment in MBR system. This is difficult for the ordinary biochemical treatment to compared with to form a bigger zoogloea;
7.膜生物反應(yīng)器易于一體化，易于實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)控制，操作管理方便；
7.The membrane bioreactor is easy to be integrated, easy to realize automatical control, and convenient to operating;
8.MBR工藝省略了二沉池，減少占地面積；
8.MBR craft omits secondary sedment tank andreduces the floor space;
2012.10.22