第三十四篇 國(guó)有企業(yè)改革
我們清楚地看到，我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展還存在不少問(wèn)題。例如，一些國(guó)有企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)困難，下崗和失業(yè)人員增多，經(jīng)濟(jì)整體素質(zhì)和效益不高。
We are fully aware that there are still quite a few problems in our economic development. For example, some state-owned enterprises are experiencing difficulties in production and business operation, which has led to increased unemployment and poor economic profits.
國(guó)有企業(yè)改革是當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的重點(diǎn)。我們要用三年時(shí)間，通過(guò)改革、改組、改造和加強(qiáng)管理，使大多數(shù)國(guó)有大中型虧損企業(yè)擺脫困境，并在本世紀(jì)末使大多數(shù)國(guó)有大中型骨干企業(yè)初步建立現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度。
The reform of state-owned enterprises is considered the principle task of China’s current economic restructuring endeavor. It is proposed that within about three years, through reform, reorganization, upgrading and improved management, most of the large and medium-sized state owned loss-making enterprises should have been extricated from their predicament, and a modern enterprises system in the bulk of large and medium-sized state-owned hey enterprises should have been establishes initially by the end of the century.
國(guó)有企業(yè)改革的指導(dǎo)思想和基本任務(wù)如下：第一，把國(guó)有企業(yè)改革作為經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的中心環(huán)節(jié)，以建立現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度為方向，切實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)機(jī)制。第二， “抓大放小”， 對(duì)國(guó)有企業(yè)進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)略性改組。第三， 探索和發(fā)展公有制的多種實(shí)現(xiàn)形式。第四，把改革同改組、改造、加強(qiáng)管理結(jié)合起來(lái)。第五， 鼓勵(lì)兼并、規(guī)范破產(chǎn)、下崗分流、減員增效和實(shí)施再就業(yè)工程。第六，推進(jìn)以建立社會(huì)保障制度為重點(diǎn)的配套改革。
The following constitutes the guidelines and basic tasks for the reform of state-owned enterprises: First, we should take the reform of state-owned enterprises as the pivotal point in economic restructuring, and strive to change their operating mechanism, with the establishment of a modern enterprises system as our orientation. Second, we should carry out a strategic reorganization of state-owned enterprises by learning to manage large enterprises well while relaxing control over small ones. Third, we should explore various forms for realizing public ownership. Fourth, we should combine our efforts to reform enterprises with efforts to reorganize, upgrade and exercise more effective management of them. Fifth, we should encourage mergers, standardize bankruptcy procedures, redirect laid-off workers, increase efficiency by reducing redundant staff and implement re-employment programs. Sixth, we should promote supportive reforms focusing on the establishment of a social security system.
在一些重要行業(yè)和關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域，鼓勵(lì)組建大型企業(yè)集團(tuán)，增強(qiáng)在國(guó)內(nèi)外市場(chǎng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。發(fā)展企業(yè)集團(tuán)要堅(jiān)持以市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向，打破部門(mén)、地區(qū)和所有制的界限，支持強(qiáng)強(qiáng)聯(lián)合，實(shí)現(xiàn)優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)。加快國(guó)有企業(yè)的改組和調(diào)整，鼓勵(lì)優(yōu)勢(shì)企業(yè)兼并困難企業(yè)，使資源得到有效利用。對(duì)長(zhǎng)期虧損、扭虧無(wú)望的企業(yè)實(shí)施規(guī)范破產(chǎn)。各級(jí)政府要關(guān)心和支持分流企業(yè)富余人員、提高效益的工作。
In important industries and priority fields, the establishment of large enterprise groups should be encouraged in order to increase their competitiveness in both domestic and foreign markets. In boosting enterprise groups, we should persist in taking the market as our orientation, break departmental, regional and ownership barriers, and support association between strong enterprises so that they will take advantage of each other’s strengths. In accelerating the reorganization and readjustment of state-owned enterprises, we should encourage strong enterprises to merge with difficulty-ridden ones so as to make more efficient use of resources. We should declare bankrupt according to regulations those loss-making enterprises whose long-time difficult situation is unlikely to end. Government at all levels should be concerned about and support the effort of redirecting surplus employees of enterprises to improve business efficiency.
要積極穩(wěn)妥地進(jìn)行股份制和股份合作制的改革。對(duì)具備條件的大中型企業(yè)實(shí)行規(guī)范的公司制，根據(jù)市場(chǎng)情況，允許一些企業(yè)上市發(fā)行股票。企業(yè)改制要真正轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)營(yíng)機(jī)制，實(shí)行政企分開(kāi)，明確國(guó)家和企業(yè)的權(quán)利和責(zé)任，完善內(nèi)部管理制度，防止國(guó)有資產(chǎn)流失。要采取從改組、聯(lián)合、兼并、租賃、承包經(jīng)營(yíng)和股份合作制、出售等形式，加快搞活國(guó)有小企業(yè)的步伐。要把經(jīng)營(yíng)自主權(quán)真正放給企業(yè)，實(shí)行自負(fù)盈虧，使小企業(yè)能夠更加靈活地適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)。
Reform will take place actively and steadily in matters concerning the establishment of the joint share system and the joint stock cooperative system. We shall corporatize large and medium-sized enterprises in a standard way where conditions permit, allowing some enterprises to be listed and issue stocks in accordance with market conditions. In the reform of enterprises, we shall overhaul their operational procedures, separate government functions from enterprise management, and delineate the rights and responsibilities of the state and enterprises. Meanwhile, we should improve the internal management system and prevent the devaluation of state assets. We should accelerate the pace of relaxing control over small state-owned enterprises and invigorating them by way of reorganization, association, merging, leasing, contract operation, the joint stock cooperative system and sell-off. We should make sure that the right to independent operation is delegated to small enterprises so that they can be responsible for their own profits and losses and adapt themselves to the market in a more flexible way.
企業(yè)管理部門(mén)要轉(zhuǎn)變觀念，使生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)和內(nèi)部管理適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)的要求。在任何時(shí)候都要重視加快技術(shù)進(jìn)步和新產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)。要不斷調(diào)整產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)，加強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)，改善售后服務(wù)，降低成本，提高質(zhì)量，增強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。
The management of enterprises should change their outdated way of thinking so that production, operation and internal management can meet the needs of the market. At any time, importance must be attached to the work of speeding up technological progress and developing new products. We must readjust the product mix on a regular basis, improve marketing and after-sale services, reduce production cost and upgrade quality, so as to become stronger competitors in the market.
第三十五篇 海濱國(guó)際賓館
海濱國(guó)際賓館是我國(guó)高校首批涉外賓館之一。賓館擁有雅致舒適的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)客房和豪華套房，客房?jī)?nèi)設(shè)有衛(wèi)星閉路電視系統(tǒng)、中央空調(diào)、國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)直撥電話(huà)、小酒吧等設(shè)施。賓館還有多功能廳、會(huì)議廳、華麗寬敞的宴會(huì)廳多座，以及國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)保齡球館、桌球房、游藝室、舞廳、商場(chǎng)、美容中心、桑那浴等設(shè)施。
Hai Bin International Hotel is one of China’s first university hotels authorized to accommodate international guests. The hotel has elegant and cozy standard rooms and luxury suites, all equipped with close-circuit satellite TV, central air conditioning, DDD, IDD, and multi-functional hall, a conference hall, splendid and spacious banquet rooms, in addition to bowling alleys of international standards, a billiard room, a game room, a ballroom, a shop, a beauty salon, and sauna bath facilities.
賓館的商務(wù)中心提供圖文傳真、復(fù)印、多語(yǔ)種打字及翻譯、郵電、訂票等服務(wù)。賓館還隨時(shí)提供客房送餐服務(wù)。賓館曾多次安排國(guó)內(nèi)外重要會(huì)議，接待經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富，并有足夠供會(huì)議代表團(tuán)和旅游團(tuán)體使用的停車(chē)泊位，是國(guó)內(nèi)外教育界、科技界、文藝界專(zhuān)家學(xué)者以及其他各界人士開(kāi)展學(xué)術(shù)研究和文化交流的理想場(chǎng)所。
The Business Center of the hotel features a variety of services including facsimile, photocopying, multi-lingual word-processing and translation, post and telecommunication, and ticket booking. On top of that, the hotel provides guests with room service meals upon request. The hotel has successfully hosted quite a few important domestic and international conferences. Its recognized experience in providing adequate accommodations for such activities, coupled with its sufficient parking space for conference delegations and tourist groups, renders the hotel an ideal location of academic and cultural exchange for international and Chinese scholars and specialists in such fields as education, science and technology, and literary and art, as well as for people with other professional backgrounds.
我賓館充分發(fā)揮大學(xué)賓館的優(yōu)勢(shì)，為國(guó)內(nèi)外賓客了解絢麗多彩的中國(guó)文化和民俗風(fēng)情提供更多的機(jī)會(huì)。我們將以?xún)?yōu)良的服務(wù)歡迎全國(guó)各兄弟院校以及社會(huì)各界朋友前來(lái)作客。“服務(wù)第一，賓客之上”是我們一貫奉行的服務(wù)宗旨。
Our hotel maximizes its inherent strength as a university hotel to provide overseas guests with more opportunities to learn about the rich wealth of splendid Chinese culture and folk customs. We warmly welcome guests from other colleges and universities and friends from all walks of life to stay with us and enjoy the excellent service we have to offer. We take it as the hotel’s all-time purpose and binding principle that “Service takes priority over everything else; our guests have the precedence in all our concerns.”
第三十六篇 花臉繪畫(huà)藝術(shù)
畫(huà)家千嶂手中的那支筆表現(xiàn)得輕松自如，山水、花鳥(niǎo)、任務(wù)，無(wú)所不能，尤其精于“花臉”的表現(xiàn)。
The painting brush of the Chinese artist Qianzhang paints easily: mountains, waters, flowers, birds, human figures – there is simply nothing that the brush fails to paint. Above all, it feels most at home when painting hualian.
“花臉”，又稱(chēng)為“凈”，是戲曲表演中的一個(gè)行當(dāng)。京劇中的凈分為正凈、副凈和武凈。人物的忠、奸、善、惡、俠義都可從那張臉上表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，它的本身就是一種符號(hào)化的立體藝術(shù)。把這種立體藝術(shù)移栽在紙上，使之變?yōu)槠矫嫠囆g(shù)的，在畫(huà)界也不乏其人。一種是依樣畫(huà)葫蘆，在紙上畫(huà)著真真切切的臉譜，另一種是戲曲人物畫(huà)，把特定的臉譜和特定的人物結(jié)合起來(lái)，頗有舞臺(tái)速寫(xiě)的韻味。
Hualian, also known as jing, is a major role in China’s theatrical performing tradition. In Peking Opera jing includes the categories of leading, assisting and military jing. A particular way of painting jing’s face represents a particular identity of the concerned role in a play: it may be a loyal, wicked or good man, or a villain, or a chivalrous hero. The masked face itself is a symbolized work of stereoscopic art. The effort of transplanting stereoscopic art on paper to produce works of plane art is not an isolated phenomenon in the art community. Such work, more often than not, follows one of the two approaches, one of which is to create on paper an exact copy of a masked face, and the other to paint a theatrical figure portrait, casting a particular figure in a mask, quite similar to the work of stage sketches.
而千嶂筆下的花臉不是這樣，他離開(kāi)了特定的人物、特定的臉譜、特定的劇情，以超越的視野，橫掃大筆，洋洋灑灑，把花臉畫(huà)的更加抽象化，夸大了花臉的象征意義，進(jìn)入一個(gè)試圖表現(xiàn)人類(lèi)心靈的全新境界。在進(jìn)行這種藝術(shù)探索時(shí)，畫(huà)家有著獨(dú)到的悟性和心得。他跳開(kāi)了傳統(tǒng)戲劇花臉的那種凝固的程式，為古老的花臉?biāo)囆g(shù)架起了通向現(xiàn)代人心理的橋梁，潑寫(xiě)著人世間的喜怒哀樂(lè)。這個(gè)從平面到立體的過(guò)程，形成了時(shí)空藝術(shù)的瞬間閃現(xiàn)，天真爛漫而不悖理性精神的美學(xué)，使畫(huà)家的思想自由馳翔，令其筆下生輝。
Qianzhang’s hualian, nevertheless, represents a different approach to painting. Feeling himself from the rigid commitment of being truthful to stereotypical theatrical figures, masks and plots, he paints quite freely and skillfully. His more liberal vision gives birth to the kind of hualian which is characteristically more abstract and more lavishly exaggerated in terms of its symbolic meaning. In this brand-new realm the artist attempts to best reveal the mind and soul of mankind. In his search for a particular mask-painting art, the artist works with a unique understanding for his object of creation. Ignoring the frozen traditional formula, the artist remains dedicated to constructing a bridge that connects the ancient art of hualian mask painting with the psychology of the modern man, brushing out human joys and sorrows. The transition of the theatrical mask art from a plane form to the present stereoscopic model represents the instantaneous flashes of the so-called time-space art.
醉漢是寫(xiě)不出詩(shī)的。太清醒了，也寫(xiě)不出詩(shī)的。畫(huà)畫(huà)也是這樣，總是在似醉非醉的狀態(tài)忠進(jìn)入佳境。我總說(shuō)千嶂的花臉有醉的韻味，那是一種朦朧美與流動(dòng)美的結(jié)合。說(shuō)它是朦朧的，那是墨彩交融而非混沌不清。書(shū)法用筆的參入，給畫(huà)帶來(lái)了流動(dòng)的節(jié)奏。這是一種剛與柔、動(dòng)與靜、清晰與朦朧相統(tǒng)一的藝術(shù)效果。
An intoxicated mind writes no poems. Nor does a completely sober mind. It is also true of painting. The best state of creation is one when the artist is partially drunk and partially sober. When I say Qianzhang’s hualian smells of drunkenness, I mean that to be an embodiment of obscure beauty with flowing beauty, obscure as the result of mixing ink and color, obscure but not murk. His calligraphic paintbrushing brings flowing rhythm to the work of mask painting, thus achieving an artistic effect of a harmonious combination of firmness with gentleness, of mobility with tranquility, and of precision with obscurity.
譯路通武漢漢口翻譯公司整理
2012.7.17