地基標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定論證翻譯-中英對(duì)照
田核擴(kuò)建工程廠址內(nèi)特殊地質(zhì)體巖體屬破碎～極破碎，風(fēng)化等級(jí)為中～強(qiáng)風(fēng)化，巖體基本質(zhì)量等級(jí)為Ⅳ～Ⅴ級(jí)，帶內(nèi)巖石物理力學(xué)指標(biāo)與周圍微風(fēng)化－新鮮基巖的物理力學(xué)指標(biāo)差異很大，特殊地質(zhì)體通過的3＃核島的9UKT、UKT、UQB、UKD和4＃核島UBS等建筑物的地基屬不均勻地基（詳見第10章）。
（1）《核電廠抗震設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》（GB50267－97）第5章規(guī)定，對(duì)于Ⅰ、Ⅱ類物項(xiàng)，“不應(yīng)選取在水平方向上由力學(xué)性質(zhì)差異很大的巖土，也不應(yīng)選取一部分為人工地基而另一部分為天然地基同一結(jié)構(gòu)單元的地基”。但這一條款不是禁止性條款，在該規(guī)范第5章的條文說明中有如下說明：“核電廠主要物項(xiàng)的地基，原則上應(yīng)是具有良好承載力的穩(wěn)定地基。但其中常存在各種薄弱面。有些Ⅰ、Ⅱ類物項(xiàng)不可避免地修建在軟弱地基、各向異性和不均勻性顯著的地基上，因此均應(yīng)對(duì)沿軟弱層的滑動(dòng)、地基承載力等進(jìn)行專門的詳細(xì)驗(yàn)算，必要時(shí)還須作震陷計(jì)算。”也就是說，只要地基是穩(wěn)定的，Ⅰ、Ⅱ類物項(xiàng)建在不均勻性顯著的地基上也是可以的。通過分析評(píng)價(jià)，3＃核島UKT、UQB、UKD、UKA、9UKT和4＃核島UBS等建筑物的地基是穩(wěn)定的（詳見第10章）。因此擴(kuò)建工程核島建筑物建在特殊地質(zhì)體通過地段可以滿足《核電廠抗震設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》（GB50267－97）的規(guī)定。
（2）《建筑抗震設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》(GB50011－2001)3.3.1條（強(qiáng)制性條款）規(guī)定：“選擇建筑場(chǎng)地時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)工程需要，掌握地震活動(dòng)情況、工程地質(zhì)和地震地質(zhì)的有關(guān)資料，對(duì)抗震有利、不利和危險(xiǎn)地段作出綜合評(píng)價(jià)。對(duì)不利地段，應(yīng)提出避開要求；當(dāng)無法避開時(shí)應(yīng)采取有效措施；不應(yīng)在危險(xiǎn)地段建造甲、乙、丙類建筑。”根據(jù)該規(guī)范4.1.1條的規(guī)定（表11-1），擴(kuò)建工程建筑場(chǎng)地特殊地質(zhì)體通過地段屬于抗震不利地段，不是危險(xiǎn)地段。對(duì)于抗震不利地段，只要采取有效的地基處理措施，可以建設(shè)抗震Ⅰ、Ⅱ類物項(xiàng)。特殊地質(zhì)體可以通過地基處理得到改善，無論是靜態(tài)還是動(dòng)態(tài)穩(wěn)定性均可滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求，這已被大量的水利水電工程大壩地基處理工程實(shí)踐所證實(shí)。因此擴(kuò)建工程核島建筑物建在特殊地質(zhì)體通過地段可以滿足《建筑抗震設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》(GB50011－2001)的規(guī)定。
（3）《巖土工程勘察規(guī)范》(GB50021-2001)第5.8節(jié)規(guī)定，對(duì)建筑場(chǎng)地中存在的非活動(dòng)斷裂可不采取避讓措施，但當(dāng)淺埋且破碎帶發(fā)育時(shí)，可按不均勻地基處理。擴(kuò)建工程特殊地質(zhì)體不是活動(dòng)斷裂，其通過的3＃核島UKT、UQB、UKD、UKA、9UKT和4＃核島UBS等建筑物地基是不均勻地基，只要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)牡鼗幚砑纯蓾M足設(shè)計(jì)要求。因此擴(kuò)建工程核島建筑物建在特殊地質(zhì)體通過地段可以滿足《巖土工程勘察規(guī)范》(GB50021－2001)的規(guī)定。
表11-1 建筑抗震有利、不利和危險(xiǎn)地段的劃分
地段類別 地質(zhì)、地形、地貌
有利地段 穩(wěn)定基巖，堅(jiān)硬土，開闊、平坦、密實(shí)、均勻的中硬土
不利地段 軟弱土，液化土，條狀突出的山嘴，高聳孤立的山丘，非巖質(zhì)的陡坡，河岸和邊坡的邊緣，平面分布上成因、巖性、狀態(tài)明顯不均勻的土層（如故河道、疏松的斷層破碎帶、暗埋的塘浜溝谷和半填半埋地基）等
危險(xiǎn)地段 地震時(shí)可能發(fā)生滑坡、崩塌、地陷、地裂、泥石流等及發(fā)震斷裂帶上可能發(fā)生地表位錯(cuò)的部位
引自《建筑抗震設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》(GB50011-2001)
田灣核電站擴(kuò)建工程廠址上的特殊地質(zhì)體不是能動(dòng)斷層，其通過的3＃核島UKT、UQB、UKD、UKA、9UKT和4＃核島UBS等建筑物地基屬不均勻地基，但地基是穩(wěn)定的。通過11.1和11.2節(jié)的分析論證，擴(kuò)建工程廠址上有特殊地質(zhì)體通過不會(huì)產(chǎn)生安全問題，廠址是適宜的。核島建筑物建在特殊地質(zhì)體通過地段，其地基經(jīng)過處理，可以滿足核安全法規(guī)、導(dǎo)則和國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定。
12.結(jié)論
（1）特殊地質(zhì)體是一條發(fā)育于基巖中的局部存在的老斷層，晚更新世以來沒有活動(dòng)，不是能動(dòng)斷層。
（2）特殊地質(zhì)體的存在不影響廠址的可接受性。
（3）在平面上呈左旋羽列式排列，單個(gè)特殊地質(zhì)體的走向?yàn)镹W-SE；在豎向上近于直立。
（4）在勘探范圍內(nèi)特殊地質(zhì)體向下變窄并尖滅了，尖滅深度不超過標(biāo)高-100m。
（5）由于特殊地質(zhì)體的存在，擴(kuò)建工程3＃核島的9UKT、UKT、UQB、UKD和4＃核島UBS廠房地基為不均勻地基。
（6）特殊地質(zhì)體的存在不影響建筑物地基的穩(wěn)定性。
（7）特殊地質(zhì)體抗震計(jì)算參數(shù)可以按表9-10采用。
Applying Eight Major Advanced Technologies GW4C20 Gasoline Engine of Great Wall Motor Was Successfully Ignited
On October 16th, GW4C20 gasoline engine -- another gasoline powered unit with mid-level emission and high-power was successfully ignited in Power Research Institute of Great Wall Motor. This is a further development of motor engine after the fourth day of GW4D20 diesel engine appearing in the market. The dynamics parameters of the engine are improved by 50% higher than that of traditional 2.0L engine and the specific fuel consumption was reduced by 15%, which may be satisfied with the Euro V emission standard and reached the EU V standard above.
The key technology partner, president of Delphi Asia Pacific Brian Lower, engine experts, and some media attended the lighting ceremony, witnessed the latest achievements of independent innovation of Great Wall Motor. Not long ago, another new R & D achievement of Great Wall Motor - GW4D20 diesel-powered passenger vehicle has just put on the market. It created four advanced international techniques, including automobile emission, power per liter, torque per liter, low noise and energy saving, which are highly appraised by engine experts. The GW4C20 successful ignition gasoline engine marks a new breakthrough once again in dynamic development of Great Wall Motor.
Low Emission High-power Applying Eight Advanced Core Technologies
GW4C20 is a 4-cylinder 16-valve engine, which applies 8 latest technologies, including fuel injection, exhaust turbocharger, intake and exhaust VVT, high-performance valve actuating mechanism, timing toothed silent chain, two sided balance shaft, sodium refilling valve, and high performance piston rod.
Fuel direct injection technology applies 150bar injection pressure to ensure high quality fuel atomization, which may greatly improve the fuel economy and cold starting performance of engine. By using the exhaust energy, exhaust turbocharger technology may improve the inlet pressure of engine and thereby improve the power and torque of engine. Intake and exhaust VVT engine may increases the intake air, reduce the residual gas and improve idle stability. High Performance valve actuating mechanism applies dual overhead camshaft. The hydraulic lifter shall automatically adjust the valve clearance to zero, eliminate the noise caused by the valve clearance, and improve engine power torque. Timing toothed silent chain may effectively improve the noise-damping performance of the engine. Two sided balance shaft plays a role to stabilize the fluctuations of inertia moment. The sodium refilling valve may reduce the valve weight by 6%, which may effectively reduce reciprocating inertia force of valve, so as to achieve a better thermal balance. The high performance piston rod applies lightweight design; the weight has reduced about 10%, thereby reduces the fuel consumption and improves the overall performance of NVH. Inflation rod may significantly improve the reliability of system.
The power of GW4C20 gasoline is about 160kW and the torque is 324Nm, which is much better than similar domestic level. Guaranteed by the first-class production facilities, it will become a leading product in mid-level passenger vehicle engines. Great Wall Motors only takes 9 months to complete the research and development of GW4C20 gasoline project, so even the power assembly engineering director of Delphi in Asia Pacific region Rod Rosie is also deeply surprised about it.
As early as 2000, Great Wall Motors is the first one to have its own modern engine factory with independent brand in China. In 2007, Great Wall Motors took the lead and started the war in small-displacement engine upgrading, and built a new modern engine base facilitated with international high-end equipments.
GREAT WALL ENGINE COMPANY is responsible for the development, trial production and production of engine product, which has five production lines of cylinder block, cylinder cover, crankshaft, assembly and hot-firing test. The production lines are all applied flexible production line with high-grade, precision and sophisticated equipments of international renowned brands. The annual capacity is up to 30 million units.
The cylinder block and cylinder cover production line in GREAT WALL ENGINE COMPANY workshop has applied the international advanced processing equipment: The precision of HELLER high speed machining center is up to 0.007mm; NAGEL honing automatic lines and automatic online measurement of Italian MARPOSS machine with the precision of millionth of a millimeter, are all well-known international industry with high-end brands. The whole line applied motorized roller for automatic transmission; Germany imported equipments ensure the machining accuracy, consistency and size of crankshaft production line required in automation; assembly line may satisfy the collinear production of 1.5L ~ 0.8L models. It not only satisfies the stability of assembly precision and avoids the torque bias as well. It is reported that, GW4C20 gasoline engine has already started to develop the engine performance combined with vehicle operation and is expected to appear in market in 2012, which mainly applied in the power matching of high-end SUV, C-class passenger car and commercial vehicle.
2013.7.22