心理障礙者透析文件翻譯－中英對(duì)照

幫助心理障礙的員工應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)和角色改變，從而最大化其知識(shí)和技能的使用
為普通的從業(yè)者和需要處理各種焦慮、抑郁和酗酒問(wèn)題的衛(wèi)生訪視員提供心理健康咨詢服務(wù)
扶持房東，訓(xùn)練那些工作與長(zhǎng)期有精神困擾的人一起的員工，使其免于疾病，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人責(zé)任
扶持護(hù)理者，培訓(xùn)和扶持志愿者，為老年人提供服務(wù)。
有很多書(shū)面文件以“咨詢”的名稱，表示分享心理學(xué)的方法。這個(gè)名詞并不能完全包含當(dāng)前作家想到的分享活動(dòng)（見(jiàn)表8），它更適合如美國(guó)這樣的國(guó)家，市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)更強(qiáng)調(diào)人性化服務(wù)，而英國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)是普遍的全國(guó)健康服務(wù)。盡管如此，在心理咨詢服務(wù)領(lǐng)域，產(chǎn)生了很多關(guān)于分享心理學(xué)的領(lǐng)先理念，現(xiàn)在我們就來(lái)看看這些理念。

咨詢：這是什么以及這不是什么
關(guān)于咨詢有很多定義（見(jiàn)Ketterer1981，p127或者A.Brown，1984，p.3的舉例），很多包括了下列普通元素：
咨詢是一個(gè)需要向其他人（客戶）提供服務(wù)的個(gè)人（咨詢者）自愿向另外一個(gè)認(rèn)定為有特別專業(yè)知識(shí)，可以幫助咨詢者向他/她的客戶提供更好服務(wù)的人（顧問(wèn)）請(qǐng)教的過(guò)程
所以，咨詢通常指的是一種三人組合的工作，介入的三方為顧問(wèn)，咨詢者和客戶。例如，這三方可以是一個(gè)教育或?qū)W校心理學(xué)家（顧問(wèn)），學(xué)校老師（咨詢者）和學(xué)生（客戶）。也可以說(shuō)這三方包含一個(gè)心理健康專家，一個(gè)普通醫(yī)療從業(yè)者和一個(gè)病人。每一方可能所代表的不只是一個(gè)人：顧問(wèn)可以是一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)（例如家庭治療組），尋求幫助的人可能是一些咨詢者（例如一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)或工作團(tuán)隊(duì)），尋求的幫助可能是為一些客戶或咨詢者的全部客戶群提供服務(wù)（例如如何處理有特殊問(wèn)題的客戶，普通的班級(jí)管理，進(jìn)行特殊項(xiàng)目）。因?yàn)閭�(gè)性化服務(wù)范圍很廣，提供這種服務(wù)的個(gè)人類型很多，所以咨詢的可能性顯然有非常不同。
為了更準(zhǔn)確的定義咨詢，很多作家都困擾于如何區(qū)別咨詢關(guān)系和其他可能混淆的關(guān)系。其中，Caplan（1970）首先給出著述，該書(shū)至今是該課題最有影響力的一本著述，最初給出了課題的整個(gè)框架，即“心理健康咨詢”。他希望能夠弄清楚咨詢并不包含管理或者教育或者其他類似的過(guò)程，兩個(gè)人有上下級(jí)關(guān)系，下級(jí)沒(méi)有找尋其他搭檔，繼續(xù)或者中止這個(gè)關(guān)系，或者設(shè)定日程的自由。顧問(wèn)和咨詢者的關(guān)系是合作的，并不是設(shè)定等級(jí)制權(quán)威的緊張狀態(tài)，雙方不存在壓力。顧問(wèn)對(duì)于咨詢者的工作沒(méi)有責(zé)任，咨詢者也不一定要對(duì)顧問(wèn)的建議或者影響作出回應(yīng)。這是Caplan關(guān)于咨詢的理念的基礎(chǔ)。很多人都遵照這個(gè)理念。他預(yù)想顧問(wèn)和咨詢者是不同專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的人，他們?cè)诓煌�的機(jī)構(gòu)工作，因此他認(rèn)為要保持其獨(dú)立性，促進(jìn)雙方的這種合作關(guān)系。這種關(guān)系是主張平等性，顧問(wèn)有咨詢者需要的專業(yè)知識(shí)，咨詢者是需要付費(fèi)的客戶。
Support and train and volunteers to provide service for the elder
There are a lot of paperwork "consult" and chaim to share psychology method. This noun is not entirely contains the writer think of sharing activities (see table 8). It is more appropriate for countries such as the United States market economy more emphasizes the humanized service, and British tradition is common of the national health service. However, in the field of counseling, produce the leading idea of sharing a lot about psychology, now it's time to look at these concepts.
Consultation: and this is not what is this
There are many definitions about consulting (see Ketterer1981, as or a. one, 1984, p. 3, for example), a lot including the following common elements:
Consulting is a need to other people (clients) to provide services of individual voluntary (consultant) to another as a special professional knowledge, can help counselors to his/her customers with better service (consultant) consult process
So, consultation is usually refers to a trio of work, involved three parties as a consultant, consultant and client. For example, the three parties can be an education or school psychologists (consultant), school teachers (consultants) and students (client). Could this tripartite contains a mental health professionals, a general medical practitioner and a patient. Each party may represent not just one: advisers can be a team (such as family therapy group), may be some of those who seek help consultants (such as an organization or work team), seeking help may be for some clients and consultants all customers to provide services (such as how to deal with customers with special problems, ordinary class management, special projects). Because a wide range of personalized services, provides the service personal type many, the possibility of consulting is so obviously have very different.
In order to more accurately define consulting, many writers have troubled with how to distinguish between consulting relationship and other possible confusion. , Caplan (1970) the first writing, the book is by far the most influential the subject of a book to write, the original subject of the entire framework is given, and the "mental health counseling. He hopes to be able to understand management does not include consultancy or education or other similar process, two people have parent-child relationships, not looking for other partner at a lower level, to continue or suspend the relationship, or the freedom agenda. Advisers and counselors is the relationship between cooperation, not set tension of hierarchical authority, there is no pressure on both sides. Consultant for consultant's work without responsibility, consultants to also do not want to respond to the consultant's advice or influence. The basis of the concept of this is Caplan about consulting. A lot of people follow the idea. He thought is different in the field of professional advisers and consultants, they work in different institutions, therefore he thought to maintain its independence, promote both sides of the partnership. This relationship is advocating equality, consultants have counselors need professional knowledge, counselors is need to pay the customer.

2014.9.18